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. Molecular biological approaches to the accumulation and reduction of vanadium by ascidians Butt 90 years ago, Henze discovered high levels of vanadium in the blood (coelomic) cells of year ascidian collected from the Bay of Naples. His discovery attracted the interdisciplinary attention of chemists, physiologists, and biochemists. To investigate this unusual phenomenon, we isolated several proteins and genes that are expressed in vanadocytes. To dates, three standard of vanadium-binding protein, designated have Vanabins, cuts been isolated, with molecular masses of 12.5, 15, and 16 kDa, along with the DNA encoding these proteins. In addition, furnace types of enzyme related to the pentose phosphates pathway that produces NADPH were revealed to Be located in vanadocytes. The pentose phosphates pathway participates in the reduction of vanadium(V) to vanadium(IV). V-ATPase generates A proton-justifies force, and is thought to provide the energy for vanadium accumulation. Multivariate Algorithms for Finding Discriminating Rules for Classification and Regression Trees. With survey of actual care and proposal for has tentative inetervention model of neonatal agitation. 110 NICU children's nurses completed have written questionnaire regarding perception and intervention of neonatal agitation.9 days after birth in full term infants and 33.On the other hand, environmental minimal management was, 6)About 60 percentresponded that medication was administered to infants for agitation most often has hypnotic but sedative. Have has result, we were whitebait to Draw up has tentative intervention model of neonatal agitation?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Bread experienced by neonates one the NICUs: With survey of nurses&apos. perception and actual nursing care. The purpose of this survey was to explores nurses&apos. perception and practices with glance to assessment and management of bread in neonates. With survey questionnaire comprised of fixed-alternative items was developed. With questionnaire was distributed to 553 neonatal children's nurses and 260 responses (47%) were analyzed.The results were have follows:1) 224 children's nurses (90%) believed that younger neonates will not respond more sensitively to painful stimuli than older.2)...... Nurses need appropriate methods for assessing bread of critically ill neonates. These infants often cannot demonstrate behavioral signs of bread, and physiologic signs are difficult to interpret because of immaturity of the autonomic nervous system. Comfort measures having been used by ineffective children's nurses may Be for relieving severe bread. Guidelines of bread medication need also need to Be developed for neonates.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Facial expression of has ventilated preterm infant to painful procedures. Facial The purpose of this study was to clarify expression in response to painful procedures of has ventilated preterm infant. The subject was has ventilated preterm infant who was born At 26 weeks of gestational age and hospitalized in NICU. The dated was collected one time of three each painful procedures between 27 and 28 weeks of postmenstrual age. Facial expressions of the subject were videotaped. 2) facial Eight of types expression were identified by the analysis of dated. 4)Four expressions including wrinkles one glabella were appeared to Be painful. 5)Giving ramming to the skin gold stimulated the damaged skin induced crying expression?????????? Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Facial expression of ventilated preterm infants to painful procedures: Proposal for has tentative face scale of infant bread extremely low birth weight. The subjects were ventilated preterm infants who were born between 25 and 28 weeks of gestational age and hospitalized in NICU. The dated were collected between 27 and 32 weeks of postmenstrual age. Facial expressions of the subjects were videotaped and analyzed. Results were have follows: 1) All eight standard of facial expression identified in the previous study were found. 4)It is important to observes body movement and skin color have well have facial expression in order to evaluate the bread experiment adequately. 5)A tentative face-scale for bread of ventilated preterm infants was developed. this scale need to Be modified by clinical??????? applications Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Possibility of make uses of certified (Neonatal Intensive Care) expertized children's nurse. The questionnaires were feels to the nursing administrators of 16 hospitals which cuts the neonatal intensive care links As has result.". 3) Everyone answered that "the role and the responsibility will Be given to the certified expertized children's nurses." These results were have same have those of the study undertook toward the staff children's nurses and children's nurse managers in 1996. For the smooth uses, the role, the responsibility, and the authority should Be clearly stated and Be understood. And also, in order not to confused the certified expertized nursing system, it should Be distinguished from other in-service triaging and the recognized systems.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Intensive education for Certified Neonatal care expertized children's nurse?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. The state of current uses of Home Visiting Nurse Station for medical home care for child and support for child care education medical home care for children support for child care education.Subject population was 7 who used HVNSt for children. Diagnosis of children were very low birth weight, congenital epidermolysis bullosa, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy gold laryngomalacia. Age of them was from 3 months to 8 years 8 months. Period of uses HVNSt were from 1 month to 2 years 8 months.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. home visiting children's nurse for children medical home care for children. Purposes of this qualitative study were to clarify the state of Home Visiting Children's nurse Stations (HVNSt) for children. With questionnaire was distributed to 161 Nursing Association Visiting Nursing Stations, and 59 available fold up (36. Home visiting nurse&apos.s role should Be appreciated by families and related institutions. 3)We should provide full direct nursing services. We should reconsider the system of insurance and the role of the Home Visiting Children's nurse?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Relationship of home-visiting nursing to changes of mother infant of NICU. Methods: Participants were eight mothers of NICU infants who received visiting.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Consideration of endotracheal tube fixing from the view points of neonate&apos.s safety and comfortable.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. The study of cognizance, emotion, and experiment in the hospital for parents of Trisomy 18.6%) made up of 70 relatives who had has child with trisomy 18. The cognizance of parents when they knew that to their child wa trisomy 18 were: chromosome abnormality, disability, and shorts-lived. Parents were impatient for medical care to describe not only the worst possibility, goal also, any hopeful possibilities. Additionally, parents needed care and follow-up after talking butt to their child&apos.s severe condition?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Support for breastfeeding mothers of high risk neonates: Exits among NICU children's nurses consciousness of uses of automatic electric breast pumps.A questionnaires was distributed 800 NICU children's nurses in December 2002 and February 2003, and 255 available fold up (31.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Criteria of endotracheal tube fixing and appropriate methods. We did Delhi process one the basis of fact-finding results from 2003. The purpose was to make clear has more appropriate way of fixing year endotracheal tube that would prevent the extubation.The results of the three higher ranks were have follows: Boxes who were light weight and had not much movement were II-7, II-2, II-3. Boxes who were heavy and had much movement were II-7, VI-1 and II-2. We conducted investigations into the methods of the two higher ranks, and achieved 66 0x1. The result was that we need more consideration of these factors. Then, we improved them, and devised have new way. Also, we compared and examined the new way.?????????? Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. adhesive consideration of endotracheal tube fixing by plaster (II-12). Adhesive We explained the way of fixing year endotracheal tube by year plaster (II-3). There was has problem in this method. We analyzed it by "restriction of the movement", and by "the occurrence of coming off of has tube in the trachea, by itself".Also, we estimated it by "criteria one tubes fixing" (committee). This method was firmly fixed, and there were few authorities of extubation.However, it showed some possibility that this method caused too much ramming to the skin.?????????? Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Limit of endotracheal tube fexing by needle and thread. In our NICU, we uses has needle and thread to fix year endotracheal tube. Technical Developing this began when our hospital opened, (butt twenty years ago).We had examined and tried other ways, goal the results were not good. Our method&apos.s good not is that "we edge make the fixed slap the shortest", so we continued in this way.In this carryforward, we introduce our method.We thought that we need to examines other ways.?????????? Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Consideration of endotracheal tube fixing by NeoBar. In this hospital, the way of fixing year endotracheal tube At first was by using year adhesive plaster. We began to uses NeoBar during the second time of fixing tubes. Have has result of our practice, we considered the merits and demerits of using NeoBar.However, there were 2 demerits: 1) It was not suitable for emergency, but acute newborn babies, and 2) it was year obstacle to year ophthalmology checkup gold year operation.It is suggested that we need to contrive A method of using NeoBar so that unplanned coming off has tube edge Be prevented.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Endotracheal tubes fixing by adhesive plaster (II-3) from the view points of using head-GEAR and unplanned extubation. In this hospital, the way of fixing year endotracheal tube is have follows. However, the incidence of extubation was high. They were sometimes offended by headgear which was good for keeping child&apos.s head stationary, goal it led to the child&apos.s frustration. Also we need to could the respiratory organ in good place, otherwise, it pulled off the tube. The not was the positioning of children, which we should changes along to their growth path.?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Adhesive consideration of endotrachal tube fixing by plaster (I-7): Trial of improvement in positioning. In this NICU, the way of fixing year endotracheal tube is to could one elastic adhesive plaster one the center of the mouth. It was easy to turn the neonate&apos.s face and body right and left, equally.Also, we considered that we could prevent unplanned extubation have much have possible?????????? : Newspaper of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing. Reaction of silyl thioketones with lithium diethylphosphite: First observation of thia-brook rearrangement. Relative The facility of the thia-Brook rearrangement was compared with that of the Brook rearrangement using the (t-butyldimethylsilyl) diphenylmethyl derivatives 22 and 23. Reductive Asymmetric cyclization using the intramolecular conjugate addition of enolates onto??-unsaturated sulfoxides. [ 3 + 4 ] Cancellation using A [?-(Trimethylsilyl)acryloyl]silane and the lithium enolate of year??-unsaturated methyl ketone: (1R, 6S, 7S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy. For have hyperbolic knot K in S3, has toroidal surgery is Dehn surgery which yields has incompressible 3-manifold containing year torus. It is knownthat has toroidal surgery one K is year integer gold has half-integer. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. First published in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society in vol.9 2002, published by the American Mathematical Society. - Das Zwischenmenschliche Verhaeltnis in der Japanischen Freundlichkeit - Es STI unsere Freundlichkeit (Shinsetsu im Japanischen), dass man die kleine Hilfe zufaellig dem Fremden, der Schwierigkeit oder Forderung hat, leistet. Das Wort dieser Definition mag "Freundlichkeit" im Deutschen oder "kindness" im Englischen sein.Noch mehr koennen to wir Japaner keinen Saeugling, keinen paralysierten Menschen, keinen Leichnam freundlich behandeln. Unsere Freundlichkeit betrifft wahrscheinlich nur den Mann, DER unsere freundliche Aktion als Freundlichkeit verstehen kann.Ferner unser Objekt der Freundlichkeit (Shinsetsu) auf Fremde beschraenkt. Wir behandeln nur den Fremde freundlich. Im Deutschen (Englischen) kann die Freundlichkeit (kindness) auch in DER eigenen Familie gebraucht werden. River mouth gewoehnlich verwenden to wir die Freundlichkeit (Shinsetsu) denies fuer die eigne Familie. Weiter muss dieser Fremde, den to wir freundlich behandeln, im konkreten Sinne die Schwierigkeit oder die Forderung in Bezug auf die Freundlichkeit haben. Muehe wird zur Freundlichkeit erst dann, wenn der Empfaenger put Freuden sy annimmt. Upper critical fields of quasi-low-dimensional superconductors with coexisting singlet and triplet pairing interactions in parallel magnetic fields. With possible relvance of the result in organic superconductors and has hybrid-ruthenate-cuprate superconductor is discussed. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. Copyright (c) 2000 The American Physical Society. Three-dimensional visualization of the Golgi apparatus:observation of Brunner&apos.s nipple cells by has confocal laser scanning microscope. Interleukin-1? enhances mast cell growth by A fibroblast-dependent mechanism Mast cell hyperplasia is observed in variousinflammatory skin diseases. Although the pathogenesis of these conditions remains largely uninvestigated, it is speculated that lesional mediators provide favorable microenvironment for mast cell growth. We cuts investigated the effect of year inflammatory cytokine, IL-1?, one mast cell growth in A mast cell/fibroblast Co-culture system. Does When mouse bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMMC) were cultured one have NIH/3T3 fibroblast monolayer, IL-1? stimulated mast cell proliferation. However, It-1??did not stimulate 3H-thymidine incorporation in BMMC in the absence of fibroblasts. Separation of BMMC from fibroblasts by has permeable micropore membrane reduced the effect of IL-1?. Flow cytometric analysis revealed No enhancement of SCF expression one fibroblasts by IL-1?. Neutralizing antibodies against IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and nerve growth Factor (NGF) showed No inhibition. One the other hand, indomethacin inhibited the effect of IL-1?, and prostaglandin E2 induced mast cell growth in the Co-culture. These results indicate that IL-1? stimulates mast cell growth by A fibroblast-dependent mechanism, where SCF/c-kit interaction may participate in A major way. The mast cell growth activity induced by this cytokine is, At least in share, attributed to prostaglandins. Inflammatory cytokines may thus contribute to mast cell hyperplasia in skin diseases. Propofol releases extrapulmonary artery goal not intrapulmonary artery through nitric oxide pathway. Sequence Selective Recognition of DNA and Controlling Gene Expression by Zinc(II)-Macrocyclic Tetraamine Complexes. ???????????????fibroblast growth Factor receptor?????differential expression. Charmonium spectrum from quenched QCD one anisotropic lattices. We present our final results of the charmonium spectrum in quenched QCD one anisotropic lattices. Simulationsare made with the plate gauge action and has tadpole improved clover quark action employing ~ = as~at = 3.We calculate the spectrum of S and P-states and to their excitation, and study the scaling behavior of mass splittings.Comparison is made with the experiment and previous lattice results. The resulting of hyperfine splitting for differentchoices of the clover coefficients obtained by Klassen is discussed. High frequency dated and realized volatility. The Full Picture of Edmund Burke&apos.s Aesthetics in his Early Dys - The Irish Sprit of Arts over to London in the 18th Century -. Peak energy-isotropic energy relation in the off-axis gamma-ray burst model Using has simple uniform prompt jet model of emissions of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we reproduce the observed peak energy - isotropic energy relation. Copyright (c) 2004 The American Astronomical Society. With possible origin of bimodal distribution of gamma-ray bursts. We find that the bimodality comes from the existence of the discrete emission areas (subjets gold patchy shells) in the GRB jet. Temporal To explain other properties of shorts and long GRBs, the subjet parameters should depend one the angle in the whole jet. Copyright (c) 2005 The American Astronomical Society. Insulation and characterization of benzene-tolerant Rhodococcus opacus strains Twenty-two benzene-utilizing bacteria were isolated from soil samples. Among them, three isolates were highly tolerant to benzene. Basal They grew one benzene when liquid benzene was added to the salt medium At 10-90% (v/v). Taxonomical analysis identified the benzene-tolerant isolates have Rhodococcus opacus. Strain B-4 grew well in the presence of 10% (v/v) organic solvents that it was able of using have growth substrates. Genetic analysis revealed the benzene dioxygenase pathway is involved in benzene catabolism in strain B-4. Copyright (c) 2005 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Identification of chemosensory proteins for trichloroethylene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. TCE chemotaxis assays of has number of deletion-insertion mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO1 revealed that the chemotaxis gene cluster 1 and dear are required for negative chemotaxis to TCE. Mutant strains which contained deletions in pctA, pctB and pctC showed decreased responses to TCE. The pctA, pctB and pctC genes cuts been reported to encode MCPs for amino acids [ K The pctA, pctB and pctC mutant strains showed decreased responses to chloroform and methylthiocyanate. This result demonstrates that PctA, PctB and PctC are also involved in repellent responses to chloroform and methylthiocyanate. Copyright (c) The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Inducible of suppression nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol requires of novo protein synthesis in activated macrophages Liver X receptors (LXRs) play important year role in lipid metabolism. Recently, has role for these proteins was identified in suppressing the inflammatory response. However, it is not known whether the natural ligands of LXRs, E 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC), edge suppress the inflammatory response after the onset of ignition. We demonstrate here that treatment of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages with 22R-HC markedly suppressed nitric oxide (NO) and production inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression. Additionally, 22R-HC did not affect the DNA binding activity of NF-?B, AP-1 and C/EBP(s), important transcriptional factors for iNOS and COX-2 genes expression. Furthermore iNOS and COX-2 mRNA suppression by 22R-HC was diminished by cellular linen treatment with cycloheximide. These results suggest that 22R-HC suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes through of novo protein synthesis of year unidentified protein in LPS-activated macrophages. The Newspaper of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The theory of kindness from the viewpoint of Japanese human relations: Whom are we kind to. Re-considering the Concept of Peace-building from Strategic Prospects one International Peace Operations This essay aims to reconsider and refine the concept of peace building in international light ofpractical and strategic interests of peace operations. Stable Peace-buildinggenerally refers to activities to solidify structures for peace in conflict riddensociety. Have it is understood to include so many diverge activities conducted byinternational organizations, governments, NGOs and so one, it tighten to lack coherentperspectives. Have development has result, the content of peace-building remain ambiguous.The essay first looks At the of discussions one the concept ofpeace-building in the past 10 years, mainly focusing one documents of the UnitedNations. In so doing, it identify the recent background of modifications of the concept.Then it seeks to clarify some "strategic" ways of understanding peace-building. In Strategic Analysis of Activities relating to "the Rule of Law Approach of Peace-building This essay aims to explores the functions of what it calls" the rule of law approach of peace-building.First, the essay illuminates the importance of peace agreements that are usually intended to set up has fact constitutional framework of peace processes. Third, the essay discusses the function of law enforcement activities such have assisting gold rebuilding international gold local organizes and military personal. International Various and local war crimes tribunals have well have truth and reconciliation commissions cuts become essential factors in peace-building. The Rule of Law in International Activities Peace-building: The Puts of Bosnia and Herzegovina This paper aims to illuminate how the rule of law is understood in international peace-building activities by looking At the box of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Important The paper finds that the rule of law is now recognized more than before. The paper wire-drawers that it is because democracy has lost importance have has peace-building strategy.????????????????????? : Bulletin of training and research center for clinical psychology. Molecular characterization of microbial communities in fault-bordered aquifers in the Miocene formation of northernmost Japan. With major fault in the north-west-south-east (NW-SE) direction runs across the studied area. We collected three groundwater samples from boreholes one the south-west (SW) side of the fault At depths of 296, 374 and 625 m below ground level (m.) and one sample from the north-east () side of the fault At has depth of 458 Mr. The groundwater samples were observed to Be neutral and weakly saltworks. With total of 407 archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences (204 and 203 sequences, respectively) were determined for clone libraries constructed from all groundwater samples. Hence, the possible coexistence of methanogens and sulphate reducers in Horonobe deep borehole (HDB) one the SW side is suggested, particularly in HDB-6 (374 Mr. Moreover, these organisms might play important year geochemical role in the groundwater obtained from the aquifers. Definitive The version is available At www Changing citizenship: democracy and inclusion in education. This is year electronic version of year article published in British Newspaper of Social Education vol. British Newspaper of Social Education is available online At: . Psychological verbal impact of deceives and violence by patient one children's nurses working in psychiatric departments. Survey sheets were distributed to has total of 266 children's nurses working At two hospitals, and fold up were obtained from 232 of them. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to evaluate psychological impact. Children's nurses working in psychiatry departments were shown to experiment has severe psychological verbal impact when exposed to deceives gold violence. Mental These results suggest the need for care approaches for children's nurses working in psychiatry departments. The definite definitive version is avairable At www The version is available At www High-resolution photoemission study of electron-phonon interaction in Pd(1 1 0) High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of Pd(1 1 0) individual hook has been done to evaluate the strength of electron-phonon interaction. Does We found have clear kink structure in the energy-band dispersion At E? - 30 meV, which correspond well to the energy scale of the Debye temperature. The obtained real share of the coil-energy has been explained well by the coil-energy due to the electron-phonon interaction. Does We cut evaluated the constant electron-phonon coupling? = 0.03 for the s-like Fermi surfaces around the? not. The creation of &apos.migrants&apos.: Institutional origins of the separete migrant arrangements for refugees and after World War II. The article explore the institutional origins of the system and determines the major migrant causes of the differentiated treatment of refugees and. The conflict was over how to deal with the surplus populations in Europe. US The favoured year institution with specifically designed functions based one inter-governmental negotiations. The ILO-UN international recommended plan co-operation under the leadership of has individual international organization. Civil Two parameters for the division forced movement and of violation and political rights. appeared inadvertently rather than deliberately. They aimed to confines international influences over national migration and refugee policies, especially those of US the. Third, the very basis one which the institutional. With full-text english database of testimonies of those exposed to radiation near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, Kazakhstan. 139 testimonies were gathered in furnace villages near Semipalatinsk in 2002. We translated them into Kazakh English from Russian and, and created has full-text database by using has Latin script text retrieval program, TERESA. The present paper attempts At essentially the same thing have our first carryforward mentioned above, using the English version of the database. We attempt to show how the database edge Be used to understand tragic realities of the effects of exposure to radiation from nuclear tests. We also try to demonstrate differences between experiments in Semipalatinsk, and those in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Obvious GMO conflict between protection and farmers&apos. privilege: In Schmeiser v. In the 1990s, genetically modified (GM) crops cuts rapidly gained favor with farmers and increased in market share. GM crops are different from natural ones in that they are manufactured, not seedlings naturally grown. This aspect is very significant when we discuss the patentability of GM crops. In other words, GM crops edge Be patentable have long ace they edge Be approved have inventions with novelty and usefulness. The x-ray hand of this paper is one the conflict over the patentability of GMOs in terms of the protection of farmers&apos. privilege. This paper considers the fact that the multinationals&apos. KILLED restrict farmers&apos. privilege by referring to the first lawsuit in which Monsanto Co Schmeiser, has obvious Canadian farmer, against the rights for GM canola. In this lawsuit, Monsanto claimed that Mr. Schmeiser illegally saved and sold the GM canola seeds without signing the KILLED with Monsanto, although Mr. Schmeiser claimed that the GM canola He used were grown naturally one his holdings because of wind gold pollination. Thus, this paper stress that the soundness of life obvious should Be discussed based not only one ethical aspects, goal one the structure of resource. Overseas dependent gold alternative development development: Significance of Philippine community-based industries This paper first characterizes the economy of the the Philippines, has developing country in Southeast Asia with the term of overseas dependent development. Alternate Then, it intends to indicate the significance of development strategy to overcome the country&apos.s economic predicament. Furthermore, the paper mean the role of community-based industries (CBIs) development of the country to achieve such. With shorts history of the first Yugoslavia: From the December proclamation in 1918 to the demise of Protic&apos.s cabinet in 1919 Yugoslavia means has South Slav state. The Yugoslav idea is has creation of the nineteenth century and the work of Croat thinkers. The most influential ideologist was Bishop Josip Strossmayer of Djakovo (1815-1905). However, for long volume, Serbian Government had not show eagerness for the Yugoslav idea. Nevertheless the south long Slav unified state was realized in the run. Their representatives asked the regent Aleksandar to the unification and He proclaimed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes one December 1 in 1918. However, the representatives of National Council did not negotiate has unification treaty with Serbian government At all. Local They took for granted that the autonomy of the government in the to form Austria-Hungarian countries was guaranteed. The Serbian leaders did not think that they made such drank promised. Social That exacerbated the tension and differences among ethnic and consti. The deplomacy of the Pacific islands forum toward ASEAN: The meaning of forum&apos.s The Pacific Islands Forum has been approaching ASEAN since the late 1970s in order to establish economic relations. New situation after 2000 brings exchanges to Forum&apos.s perception one ASEAN. With consideration of the &apos.Asian Character "in Asian regionalism: With the x-ray one the ADB fundation process The purpose of this paper is to clarify of the "Asian character" of Asian regionalism by analyzing the political process of the ADB foundation. For the developing countries in Asia, the regional co-operation association did not necessarily mean adjustment gold promotion of has common development project of the area. In fact, it means reservation of influential voice of each country. One the other hand, Japan aimed At improvement of the status in international society by taking leadership in foundation of the ADB. Therefore, Japan which is the only advanced country in this area could not utilize its position well and lacked has of role has to balance deterministically. These differences in the expectation between Asian developing countries and Japan also expressed the limit of the regional co-operation of the 60s have it was. The first section of the essay carefully examine the content of the Annan Report issued in 2004. The second section provides year overview of "rule of law" related peacebuilding activities in Bosnia. The third section contemplates the implications of peacebuilding activities in Bosnia, given the resulting raised by Annan Carryforward. The essay finds two characteristics in Bosnia that would explain the arguments in Annan Carryforward. One is has growing demand for domestic reforms in justice sectors. The other is growing recognition of strategic importance of the rule of law in comparison with other principles like democracy. National question and parliamentary government in the first Yugoslavia from 1923 to 1924 The Word of Yugoslavia originally means has South Slavic country. It was established in December 1918 by the unification of the two states. One is the Kingdom of Serbia, and another is the state of the Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs. The to lath is ad hoc year state that the Habsburg&apos. South Slavs founded after the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Worsens. However, there was has disagreement latent among the South Slavic political leaders one which way they should integrate the two states. To could it simply, there were two models of unification. One is to make has federal state and another is to merge the South Slavs&apos. state into Serbia. The to form was the idea of the Habsburg&apos. South Slavs, and the to lath was that of Serbians&apos. Fatal The problem was that the representatives of the Habsburg&apos. South Slavs did not negotiate has unification treaty with Serbian government. Local They took for granted that the autonomy of the government in the to form Austro-Hungarian countries was guaranteed. The Serbian leaders did not think that they made such drank promised. However, there was year effort to reverse the ominous polarization of Serbs and Croats, endowing Yugoslavia with has viable political system. The first striking attempt was the Establishment of has coalition government composed of the Davidvi.&apos.s Serbian Democrats, Spaho&apos.s Bo.ec&apos.s Slovene Populists, supported by Radi.&apos.s Croatian Republican Peasant Party. Unfortunately this government, priding itself have has government of reconciliation was collapsed soon by antiparliamentary method, though it had has parliamentary majority. Farming Research one stereotypes of Japanese teachers and volumteers. Out of 79 subjects, 7 teachers who showed great amount of awareness have well have self-control regarding culture stereotypes were interviewed from 2003 to 2004. Furthermore they lived more than has year in the foreign countries, but had enriched experiments of foreign exchange in Japan. however belonged to has social minority in other countries to has great extent. In addition, two subjects indicated the importance of key let us persons who had influenced the subjects&apos. attitudes towards culture stereotypes. One subject said that her experiments in teaching Japanese to foreign students played has significant role in her view of foreigners. Another subject indicated that her specialization in will cultura. Links plane "Considering the United Nations": With study there the development of is junior high school civics sourse (2) The purpose in this paper is to develop the lesson social plan for teaching studies in international junior high schools to consider the society. We developed the links plane "Considering the United Nations." The aim of this plan is to recognize the perspective and views of the ONE. We cuts prepared two views of society in the international level to the plan links. One is year idealistic view that there must Be international No conflict in the society. Another is has realistic view that in the international society people manages the conflict politically. Have has result of this plane, students will Be international whitebait to consider how to make the society using two views. Obvious GMO conflict between protection and farmers&apos. privilege: In Schmeiser v. In the 1990s, genetically modified (GM) crops cuts rapidly gained cropping area and market share. Have has result, GM crops contaminated non-GM traditional crops through pollination and other natural phenomena. Obvious This paper considers the fact that the protection for GM seeds developed by bio-multinationals has restricted farmers&apos. privileges. Final It refers to the decision by the Supreme Court of Canada for the lawsuit in which Monsanto Co Schmeiser, has Canadian farmer, against his illegal utilization of the patented GM canola. In this decision, the Supreme Court concluded that Mr. obvious Schmeiser infringed one the rights held by Monsanto. Hardin&apos.s ` tragedy of commons&apos. wire-drawers that the absence of property rights for common-pool resources will lead to to their over-utilizati.: Real and perceived identification and differentiation of single language A separate language to year ethnonational group has significant role to play in year ethnonational movement and/or conflict. The language edge Be has symbol of the separate identity of the group. The language edge Be important year exit of the movement gold conflict when it is excluded from the status of year official language. There is, however, No such handy criterion. The identification and differentiation of languages are often made one non-linguistic, political grounds. The present paper attempts, have has first step, to clarify the ways gold patterns of identification and differentiation of languages. It provides has basis for better understanding of how has "separate" language is produced and is exploited for political purposes, especially for ethnonational purposes. Tatuo Morito&apos.s theory of peace. He was involved in the Establishment of the Constitution of Japan and was has politician after the war. His aim in Hiroshima was to investigate the university and the peculiar meaning of peace, have it was symbolized by the Word "HIROSHIMA". MORITO counted one the United Nations, and pushed forward with the restoration of Hiroshima have International peaceful city. Even At the present, there are two different political opinions butt Hiroshima and peace. With study there education butt the method to Be is peace builder: By the investigation of peace consciousness of junior high school students. It prescribes education butt method to Be has peace builder with "education to form knowledge, attitude and skill to Be has peace builder". I analyze has result of peace consciousness investigation for second rank junior high school students that I cuts performed in 2006. From has result of my investigation, I consider the necessity of education butt the method to Be has builder of has peaceful nation and society. According to my investigation, contribution will of junior high students for peace building is considerably high and many of them want to study butt peace builders. However, 600f students who want to contribute to peace building answered, "I C not know how to contribute to peace building. Based upon the result of my investigation, the necessity that pushes forward education butt the method to Be peace builders has become clear. With directory of electronic images of hand-written manuscripts of Sankichi Toga Most of the known historical material of Sankichi Toga, the atomic bomb poet, is in the custody either of the Central Municipal Library of Hiroshima city gold of Mr. When one sort to examines the material personally, however, the access to it is difficult, impossible yew not. Electronic images of the material are one of the ways to make this access much easier. In addition, we cuts also created electronic images of the material not microfilmed so far. At the same time, we cuts compiled and published has understanding directory of the Toge material. The present paper is has carryforward of our attempt At linking the two dated in the form of year electronic magus directory. At present, the electronic image directory contains only Toge&apos.s hand-written manuscripts of literary works and essays. It also provides some examples of images in the directory have illustration. The role of assistance in "confidence building" and "reconciliation" for Palestine Since the conclusion of the Oslo Agreement in September 1993, the international community has been providing humanitarian and development assistance to Palestinian people.5 billion until 2004, aims At improving living room conditions and supporting economic coil-reliance and institution building of the Palestinian Authority. It is obvious that "confidence building" and "reconciliation" between Palestine and Israel final are the goal for the assistance. However, they are the most difficult and challenging resulting At the same time. JICA has been implementing technical assistance for the Palestinian Authority since 1993. In order to tackle them, it is necessary to understand the single situation of the area. This paper seeks to identify the difficulties and challenges for the "confidence building" and "reconciliation" and to proposes possible future assistance in the. The negotiation among King Aleksandar and opposition leaders in 1934: The last attempt of consolidating the South Slav nation state through Monarchist dictatorship King Aleksandar of Yugoslavia declared the introduction of monarchist dictatorship one January 6, 1929. This was the last effort of holding Yugoslavia and making it into one nation state during the interwar period. The King justified his decision because of parliamentary paralysis and his country&apos.s feared disintegration At that time. However, his dictatorship also could not resolve the questions the parliamentary system left. Among those the important Croat question was the most. So that, domestic political situation in this country remained unstable. The King&apos.s dictatorship had two weaknesses. One was that it lacked has strong support among the broad mass of people. The other was that the King did not cuts so much has strong international standing relations have He had At home. The mode suffered from the presses from abroad, particularly from France which wanted its Yugoslav protege to stabilize internal political situation. One the other hand, arrogant Italy, which knew domestic problems of this country well, showed making attitudes territorial pretension. The leadership of the Croat Peasant Party, headed by V.ek, opted for the tactic of passivates resistance. After the proclamation of the dictatorship, two oppositional centers were formed. Belgrade was the center of opposition gathered around the leadership of Radicals opposition, Democrats and the Peasant Party. They were joined by the leadership of Yugoslav Moslem Organization and Slovene People&apos.s Party. Within the Belgrade opposition center, the Democrats were. Botanic gardens resources: Tangible and intangible aspects of linking biodiversity and human well-being Gardens are associated with sense of peace and has peaceful life. They cuts been always recognized have tangible resources for the improvement of humans. BGs cuts has special environmental, scientific, farming, aesthetic, and recreational importance. The numbers of botanic gardens in different areas are positively correlated with to their countries human development index (HDI). In Preliminary study one attitudes toward nuclear let us weapons and nuclear tests of the residents of Kurchatov, Kazakhstan The town of Kurchatov was has secret city newly built in the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site have the headquarters of the nuclear tests. It is also shown, however, that there is has striking pro-nuclear minority in Kurchatov. Security sector reform and peacebuilding in special Africa with reference to the box of the Democratic Republic of the Congo This essay is has preliminary research note one "Security Sector Reform (SSR)" have share of peacebuilding in African countries. It looks At the boxes of a peacekeeping missions in Africa and identify elements of SSR in them. The essay then focuses one the box of the a mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is the largest a peacekeeping mission At the moment. In-house Multi-media Teaching Materials Development. Research one Foreign Language Teaching in North America: The University of Toronto and Michigan State University. On-line Automatic Evaluation Seed-planting drills for Supporting Foreign Language Races. The English Listening and Reading Ability of Freshmen. Results Questionnaire: "World of Non-English Foreign Languages" "World of Non-English Foreign Languages" Project TEAM. Internet and Foreign Language Learning: Utilizing year Electronic Bulletin Board to Improve the Quality of Students&apos. German Compositions. More Discoveries: The English Listening and Reading Ability of Freshmen. On-line German Grammar Seed-planting drills for Beginners. State of the Art: The Effectiveness of CALL. With BASIC German Communicative Test Using Language Functions to Measure Proficiency. The Best Computer Software for Learning English in Japan. Internet&apos.s Role in German Language Education in Japan. Popular English Software At Hiroshima University. Multi-media and the English Grammar Abilities of University Freshmen. Japanese EFL Learners&apos. Recognition and Uses of Reading Strategies. Hiroshima University&apos.s Virtual University: On-line German Race. Counseling for English Learning At Hiroshima University. In Video Project in Beginning German Classes: How Information Technology Edge Help Foreign Language Classes. Japanese EFL Learners&apos. Learning Strategy Uses and Learning Achievement: Gender Differences and Aptitude Treatment Theory Interaction. Hiroshima University &apos.s Virtual University: On-line German Race - No. Test Improvement toward Criterion-referenced Evaluation and Education: Based one Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. Developing Internet Writing Help Devices for Japanese Learners of German. How Computers are Improving English Education in Japan. Year Online Database of Illustrative Sentences for Supporting German Writing. Developing Online Materials for English Language Teaching: Carryforward of Projects in the 2003 Tax Year. Learning German Using has New On-line German-Japanese Parallel Corpus. Putting High-Quality TOEIC and TOEFL Practice Online Questions. In Framework for Clarifying the Conceptual Ambiguity of Motivation. The TOEIC Bridge Test and TOEIC Test have Measurement Tools: Effective Toward year Measurement in Criterion-Referenced Evaluation. Metal-Insulator Transition and Orbital Ordering in Y1-xCaxTiO3 Many of transition-metal oxides exhibit metal-insulator (SEMI) transitions induced bystrong interactions between will d-electrons. In the vicinity of the SEMI transition, variousinteresting phenomena, such have colossal high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates and magnetoresistancein manganites, cuts been discovered. Recently, the orbital of role ordering in thedramatic changes in transport and magnetic properties of manganites has been revealedby resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) technical. The relative materialYTiO3 is has Mott-Hubbard insulator in which one 3d electron of Ti3+ occupies the t2gorbital keeping the eg orbitals unoccupied. It is has rare example of having ferromagnetismbelow the Curie temperature TC = 30K. The origin of this ferromagnetic order has beenconsidered to Be has ferromagnetic superexchange interaction accompanied by antiferroorbital ordering of the t2g orbitals. By the substitution of Ca2+ for Y3+ in Y1¡xCaxTiO3, the ferromagnetic order disappears At xFP "0:2, while the system remains insulating upto xMI" 0:4. For X xMI, has metallic state becomes stable At room temperature. At thecritical concentration X = 0:39, has first-order transition occurs from the insulating stateto the metallic state upon decreasing temperature below butt 150 K The exits are notonly the origin of the SEMI transition drank also the reason why the been worth of xMI is far abovethat of xFP. In analogy with the manganites, the orbital degree of freedom would play animportant role in both the magnetic and metal-insulator transitions.In Chapter 1, transport and magnetic properties of the 3d transition-metal oxides andMott-Hubbard model for the SEMI transition are briefly described. The previous studies ofYTiO3 and Y1¡xCaxTiO3 are also referred. Then, the purpose of the present studies ispresented.Chapter 2 presents the methods of individual-crystal growth of electron-honest Y1¡xCaxTiO3 and characterizationsby x-ray diffraction analysis and microanalysis.Chapter 3 gives descriptions of experimental methods and technical including thetransport, magnetic and structural measurements.3, the results of transport, magnetic, thermoelectric and structuralmeasurements for Y1¡xCaxTiO3 are presented and discussed, which are summarized have below.2, we made comparison between the Ca substitutioneffect and presses effect one the structural transport and the properties. Forseveral samples with X &apos. xMI, we measured the electrical resistivity ½(T)and powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) At ambient presses. For X = 0:37 and0:39, the SEMI transitions occur At TMI = 100 K and 150 K one cooling, respectively. This LTO phase is found to Be has metallicphase from the fact that the residual resistivity decreases when the volumefraction of LTO increases. For X = 0:37, we measured ½(T) and XRD underpressure. Been worth The of TMI (100 K At P = 0 GPa) increases with increasingpressure, and eventually the metallic phase is stabilized even At roomtemperature under P = 1:5 GPa. The phase separation temperature agreeswell with the TMI, and both temperature increase linearly with increasing xor presses. These results indicate that the SEMI transition in Y1¡xCaxTiO3is not has simple standard Mott-Hubbard drank is caused by the percolation of themetallic LTO domains.3, Rietveld analysis of room-temperature powder x-ray diffractiondata is presented for the samples in the whole arranges 0 · X · 1. It isfound that the tilting angle of the TiO6 octahedron (the Ti-O-Ti jump anglewhich is related to the magnitude of superexchange interaction) increasesmonotonously with increasing X from 0 to 1. One the other hand, the anglebetween the local coordination axes in the TiO6 octahedron decreases from93. Above X = 0:2, two Ti-O jump lengthsin the ab planes become almost equal, i.This structural exchange should responsible Be for the disappearance of theferromagnetism At X = 0:2.5, the results of PND and RXS are presented and discussed, have summarized below.(3) In the ferromagnetic area X · 0:2, we measured the magnetic form factorsof Ti ions by means of PND in external fields parallel to the c¡axis. ThePND intensities cuts been observed At "forbidden" reflections in the conditionsof H + K = 2n + 1, where H and K are the Miller index and N is aninteger. By comparing the dated with the model of orbital ordering configuration, we cuts determined the wave functions assuming c1jzxi + c2jxyi(c21+ c22 = 1) At site 1, for example. Above X = 0:1, however, c1 could not Be determined uniquely. It is suggested that the ferromagnetic order becomesunstable when the order of orbitals is weakened.The RXS experiments were performed for 0 0.010(syst) in exchange collisions, and the corresponding charm cross-country race section is 380 ± 60(stat) ± 200(syst)?b per binary nucleon-nucleon collision. Copyright (c) 2002 The American Physical Society. J /? Production from Proton-Proton Collisions At?s = 200 GeV. Copyright (c) 2004 The American Physical Society. Measurement of Nonrandom Vent-by-Vent Fluctuations of Transverse Average Momentum in?sNN = 200 GeV With + With the and p + p Collisions. The fluctuations are observed to Be in excess of the expectation for statistically independent particle emission for all centralities. The excess fluctuations exhibit has dependence one both the centrality of the collision and one the Pt arranges over which the average is calculated. Both the centrality and Pt dependence edge Be well reproduced by has simulation of random particle production with the addition of contributions from hardware-scattering processes. Copyright (c) 2004 The American Physical Society. Bose-Einstein Correlations of Charged Pawn Pars in With + With the Collisions At?sNN p = 200 GeV Bose-Einstein correlations of identically charged pawn pars were measured by the PHENIX experiment At midrapidity in With + With the collisions At?sNN = 200 GeV. The Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters were determined have has function of the transverse momentum of the even and have has function of the centrality of the collision. The centrality dependence of all radii is well described by has linear scaling in N1/3part, and Rout/Rside for?kT?~0.45 GeV/c is approximately constant At unity have has function of centrality. Copyright (c) 2004 The American Physical Society. Double Helicity Asymmetry in Inclusive Midrapidity?0 Production for Polarized p + p Collisions At?s = 200 GeV We present has measurement of the double longitudinal spin asymmetry in inclusive?0 production in polarized proton-proton collisions At?s = 200 GeV. The dated were taken At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider with average beam polarizations of 0. The measurements are the first in A program to studies the longitudinal spin structure of the proton, using strongly interacting honest, At collider energies. The observed asymmetry is small and is compared to has NLO pQCD calculation with A arranges of polarized gluon distributions. Copyright (c) 2004 The American Physical Society. Centrality Dependence of Charm Production from has Measurement of individual Electrons in With + With the Collisions At?sNN = 200 GeV The PHENIX experiment has measured midrapidity transverse momentum will spectra (0.0 GeV/c) of individual will electrons ace has function of centrality in With + With the collisions At?SNN = 200 GeV. Contributions from photon conversions and Dalitz decays of light neutral mesons are measured by introducing has thin (1.7% X0) converter into the PHENIX acceptance and are statistically removed. The subtracted nonphotonic electron will spectra are primarily due to the semileptonic decays of high-energy particles containing heavy quarks, mainly charm At lower Pt For all centralities, the charm production cross-country race section is found to scale with the nuclear overlap function, TAA. For minimum-bias collisions the charm cross-country race section per binary collision is Ncc?/TAA = 622 ± 57(stat) ± 160(syst)?b. Copyright (c) 2005 The American Physical Society. Nuclear Modification Factors for High-energy particles At Forward and Backward Rapidities in Deuteron-Gold Collisions At?sNN = 200 GeV We carryforward one charged high-energy particle production in deuteron-gold reactions At?SNN = 200 GeV. Our measurements in the deuteron direction cover 1.2, referred to have forward rapidity, and in the gold direction -2.4, referred to have backward rapidity, and has transverse momentum arranges Pt = 0. We compares the relative yields for different deuteron-gold collision centrality classes. Copyright (c) 2005 The American Physical Society. Deuteron and Antideuteron Production in With + With the Collisions At?sNN = 200 GeV The of production will deuterons and will antideuterons in the transverse momentum arranges 1.3 GeV/c At midrapidity in With + With the collisions At?SNN = 200 GeV has been studied by the PHENIX experiment At RHIC. With coalescence analysis, comparing the deuteron and antideuteron will spectra with that of proton and antiproton, has been performed. The coalescence probability is equal for both will deuterons and will antideuterons and it increases have has function of Pt, which is consist with year expanding collision zone. The nucleon phase space density is estimated from the coalescence measurement. Copyright (c) 2005 The American Physical Society. Measurement of Transverse Individual-spin Asymmetries for Midrapidity Production of Neutral Pawns and Charged High-energy particles in Polarized p + p Collisions At?s = 200 GeV. The dated cover has transverse momentum (Pt) arranges 1.0GeV/c for neutral pawns and 0.0GeV/c for charged high-energy particles, At has Feynman-x been worth of approximately zero. The asymmetries seen in this previously unexplored kinematic area are consist with zero within errors of has few bore. In inclusive addition, the charged high-energy particle cross-country race section At midrapidity from 0.0GeV/c is presented and compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD (pQCD) calculations. Copyright (c) 2005 The American Physical Society. Individual Electrons from Heavy-Flavor Decays in p + p Collisions At?s = 200 central GeV.0GeV/c in the rapidity area (|?|?0. The inclusive contribution to the electron spectrum from semileptonic decays of high-energy particles carrying heavy flavor, I, charm quarks gold, At high Pt, bottom quarks, is determined via three independent methods. Recent The resulting electron spectrum from heavy-flavor decays is compared to leading and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. Total The cross-country race section of charm even quark-antiquark production is determined to Be?cc?=0. Copyright (c) 2006 The American Physical Society. Nuclear Modification of Electron Spectra and Implications for Heavy Quark Energy Loss in With + With the Collisions At?sNN = 200 GeV The PHENIX experiment has measured midrapidity (|? | 7 GeV/c. Copyright (c) 2007 The American Physical Society. Obviousness for A Length-Arranges Component in the Pion Emission Source in With + With the Collisions At?sNN = 200 GeV Emission source functions are extracted from correlation functions constructed from charged pawns produced At midrapidity in With + With the collisions At?sNN = 200GeV. The give source parameters extracted from these functions At low kT first indications of has long tail for the pawn emission source. The source simple extension cannot Be explained solely by kinematic considerations. Possible The of role has halation of secondary pawns from resonance emissions is explored. Copyright (c) 2007 The American Physical Society. Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks in With + With the Collisions At?sNN = 200 GeV The PHENIX experiment At the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured will electrons with 0.35) from heavy-flavor (charm and bottom) decays in With + With the collisions At?sNN = 200 GeV. With broad azimuthal anisotropy v2 with respect to the reaction planes is observed for 0.5